Astoria – New York
09/12/2017 Deja un comentario
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COMPOSTRI- COMPOSTAGE COLLECTIF À NANTES
05/08/2014 Deja un comentario
À cet audio vous écouterez à quoi consiste l’association Compostri, à Nantes. J’exprime un exemple d’ Intelligence verte.
Une association qui s’occupe du compostage collectif, avec des volontaires qui conseillent les voisins à gerer le compost: il faut leur apprendre qu’on ne met que les déchets organiques: les épluchures, le marc de café, les coquilles d’oeufs, tous les restes du repas. Et qu’ils peuven aussi apporter des déchets verts: la tonte de pelouse, des feuilles, des branches… Ça représente le tiers du volume de nos poubelles, 25 kgr par an et par foyer. Leer más de esta entrada
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REVIT ARCHITECTURE (10) – REALIZAR UN FORJADO SUPERIOR
12/15/2012 Deja un comentario
Una vez realizados los muros exteriores e interiores es el momento de realizar los forjados y cubiertas.
En Inicio – Construir – Suelo, nos permite entrar en una interfaz de Crear contorno de suelo.
Se muestra el modelo de dibujo que estamos realizando en difuminado y no se puede modificar. Aparece en esta interfaz una ficha superior Crear contorno de suelo, con una serie de herramientas que nos permiten construir y modificar suelos.
Como modo predeterminado por el programa aparece la opción Seleccionar muros para crear líneas, que permite crear un perímetro de suelo paramétricamente asociado a los muros por medio de seleccionar dichos muros.
El programa Revit utiliza el término “Bucle” como definición de un contorno cerrado, que es un conjunto de líneas que no se cortan entre ellas o no se encuentran (líneas abiertas). Si el contorno no cumple estas condiciones el programa lo indica y resalta las zonas problemáticas inmediatamente, de forma que se pueda realizar la acción de cerrar el contorno o bien unir las líneas que no están unidas.
Con la orden Seleccionar muros para crear líneas, se ha de pasar el cursor del ratón sobre el muro exterior pero no se ha de hacer clic sobre él. Es entonces cuando hay que presionar la tecla Tab, de forma que el conjunto de muros conectados aparece resaltado. Se realiza clic sobre el muro y las líneas del suelo se generarán a partir de los muros.
Al seleccionar muros del perímetro de la planta, puede que existan muros exteriores que no estén conectados en sus extremos con los demás muros que se han seleccionado.
Pero para finalizar el contorno del suelo en un bucle cerrado, se han de seleccionar estos muros exteriores perimetrales no conectados. Al realizar esta acción se dibujarán líneas sobre dichos muros no conectados. Y con este resultado, posiblemente sea necesario corregir líneas (recortar líneas para que no se superpongan y tengamos un bucle cerrado). En caso de que no se realice esta acción de conectar los muros exteriores que no están conectados o bien no se recorten las nuevas líneas que pueden aparecer superpuestas, el programa nos avisará informando de que el contorno para crear el suelo no es válido.
Para recortar las líneas que se cruzan se puede utilizar la orden Recortar. La primera línea seleccionada es la que se quiere recortar y la segunda es la línea de corte. Se han de recortar todas las líneas superpuestas para tener un contorno de suelo válido. Cuando el contorno sea válido, se ha de indicar Finalizar suelo, para que se genere un suelo tridimensional.
Este forjado se puede ver con la opción de vista tridimensional, y se puede modificar el contorno, con la opción Editar contorno, dentro de la ficha Modificar suelos.
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REVIT ARCHITECTURE (7) – MUROS (IV)
12/09/2012 Deja un comentario
Muros exteriores
Para construir un muro exterior hay que ir a Inicio-Muro-Construir, y en Línea de Ubicación, se ha de indicar Cara de núcleo:Exterior, si se quiere que el borde del muro estructural sea la línea base y no los acabados o el eje central del muro. Se puede modificar la opción de forzar el cursor, por medio del menú que aparece con el botón derecho del ratón. En el caso de la construcción de muros una idea práctica es tener la opción de forzar el cursor en Intersección.
Las cotas que aparecen cuando dibujamos el muro nos indican la dimensión del muro dibujado, la cual podemos introducirla igualmente desde el teclado.
Para parar de dibujar muros se ha de realizar Esc dos veces o bien se puede realizar clic sobre Modificar de la opción Modificar muro.
Cuando se dibuja un muro de izquierda a derecha de la pantalla, la cara exterior del muro aparece por defecto en la parte superior de la pantalla. Si se quiere realizar el muro de otra forma se puede utilizar la barra espaciadora mientras se dibuja el muro para rotar el mismo. Estos controles de volteo aparecen siempre en la cara exterior del muro.
Una vez realizados los muros del perímetro se puede modificar el modo de visualización a Sombreado con bordes (utilizando las teclas rápidas SD, presionar S primero y D después). Esta opción también se encuentra en la parte inferior de la vista, en la Barra de controles de vista.
Con la selección con Tabulador, pasando el ratón por uno de los muros sin hacer clic sobre él y pulsando la tecla Tab, se consigue seleccionar la cadena de muros conectados. Se realiza clic para seleccionar los muros, y entonces se puede modificar de una sola vez, el tipo de muro para todos ellos.
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BIM-TOOL FOR INTEGRATED DESIGN (V)
06/03/2012 Deja un comentario
Extension of the building information model to the life cycle phases
A first extension is the integration of life cycle analysis and life cycle costing programs into the existing data model. The integration of cost planning and other applications, such as energy requirement, into the model prove problematical. There are already suitable applications in Australia (LCA-Design, www.construction-innovation.info).
Work on linking life cycle analysis, life cycle costing and CAD software over the IFC interface is already under way. It must be appreciated that the calculation of the service life of the structure is limited to the state of the description of the building at the design stage. It the various life cycle phases are really to be considered within the building model, then there must be a particular description for each phase (example “building as designed” or “building as built”). This would also mean that the building as a whole “ages” to a certain extent. Furthermore such a model must also take into account the material flows. In particular the upstream and downstream steps.
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BIM-TOOL FOR INTEGRATED DESIGN (IV)
06/01/2012 Deja un comentario
Interfaces
An initial answer to these problems was the attemp to create interfaces between data processing applications. Substantial progress has been made in the communication with internet protocols and browser interfaces. In other areas, such as building technical services, several new standards have been introduced and this has prevented the conclusion of these developments. Data interchange formats for geometric and graphical information (example drawing interchange format, dxf) are not comprehensive or reliable enough, which has always limited their use in the design process. There has been a need for universal interfaces for 20 years, which was reasonably well satisfied with introduction of STEP (Standard Exchange Procedures). In contrast to industrial products, which consist of a number of relatively independent individual components, buildings are more complex, as they have to satisfy many, often conflicting, requirements, have a long service life and a large number of stakeholders are involved in the planning and design process. The complexity of this process is made even more so by many feedback loops and incomplete or imprecise information.
As geometric aspects dominate in the building industry, it has so far not been possible to develop a general drawing-oriented data structure.
Researchers have certainly continued to develop proposals for this, such as transferring the ideas of product modeling into the building industry, but their implementation in practice and the development of suitable software have not been successful. In principle there are several possibilities for solving the problem of inadequate interoperability of the tools, including:
– A universal interface that links all programs with one another.
– A central inferface in the form of an abstract model to which all applications can refer and through which they can communicate with one another.
One such central interface is the building information model (BIM), which is also called the building product model. This model consists of a semantic computer-readable description of a building.
A building is divides into objects that are assigned attributes (properties) and relationships with other objects. All such objects, which are designated as classes, form the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and are the current international standard of the large CAD software publishers who are members of the international Alliance for Interoperability.
In this product model an entity “window” (ifcWindow) contains all the information about a window necessary to describe it, in theory over the complete life cycle. The attributes of the entity “window” (type, dimensions, components, U-value, cost…) are unambiguously described in a forma manner and are used for interchanging information between different applications.
For each phase (example preliminary design) and specialist discipline (architect…) there is a separate view on the object window. An application program for calculating the heat requirement of a building obtains the initial values for its calculation through the central document management systems (DMS) from the building information model and exports the results again through the DMS to a graphical interface, which displays the performance of the building at a specific point in time. All the important properties of a building are stored in the building’s document management system (DMS) and can be archived or displayed in any number of ways. The central file storage facility always displays the latest version. Earlier versions are also stored there.
The important advantages and possibilities are:
– complete separation of content and form of information.
– Contradiction-free, complete, up-to-date, continuously secure data.
– Ability to check the consistency of the project using the model (example check of standards).
– Ability to query the model.
– Immediate determination of the effects of a change in one element/property on other elements/properties.
– Ability to display the same basic data in any number of different ways.
– Ability to develop a number of fairly sophisticated tools in a very short time and make them available to a large circle of users. The tools only have to be compatible with a comprehensive interface (IFC) and are no longer dependent on having particular versions of particular programs.
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BIM-TOOL FOR INTEGRATED DESIGN (III)
05/31/2012 Deja un comentario
The main task of the architect is the development or one or more ideas with an abundance of possible variants to create a solution to a declared project objective. The necessary high flexibility maintained in the preliminary design phases means that many questions of detail addressed in these early stages have to take into account a great deal of uncertainly and lack of definition. The wide choice of variants and the imprecise nature of much of the information about the project also create great difficulties in the use of conventional computer programs for drawing or calculating, as they require exact, unambiguous information. The demands of the client for relatively precise information at an early stage in the design, example about areas, volumes, room schedules, functional sequences, costs, development opportunities, programme dates or the likely results of precertification, add to the difficulties of this working approach.
The contradiction between diversity of variants and indistinctness on the one hand and the exact information and accurate cost estimates on the other has considerably sharpened over recent years. The client finds a need for more and more information with the increasing complexily of decision making, particularly in the field of property investment. With this need for information goes a sharp increase in the time spent on its preparation by designers and project developers.
The consequences are considerably increased costs in data collection and processing for all participants in the planning, design and construction of a building and an increase in errors through the use of inconsistent data. This leads to a rise in demand for software tools and analysis programs to help with the design process and substantiate the design results with relevant information and reports.
Have you lived a similar situation?
Yolanda Muriel
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